Transport across plasma membrane. <P> Passive transport moves substances through the lipid bilayer down their concentration gradients: <BR><LI> Diffusion allows hydrophobic and small polar molecules to cross the bilayer. <BR><LI> Facilitated diffusion enables hydrophilic substances to cross the bilayer through embedded proteins. <P> Active transport moves substances across a membrane against their concentration gradients. Energy for this work is often supplied by ATP.