Unit 2: The Cell Animations   Study Guide

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Review Notes
  1. Living organisms require energy to perform cellular work.
     
     
     
     
  2. Energy flows into most ecosystems as sunlight and leaves as heat .
     
     
     
     
  3. Electron transfer drives the transformation of energy and occurs through redox reactions.
     
     
     
     
  4. Molecules such as NAD+ and FAD act as electron carriers in redox reactions.
     
     
     
     
  5. In cellular respiration, redox reactions occur in a series of steps called the electron transport chain to form ATP .
     
     
     
     
  6. Cellular respiration comprises three metabolic stages: glycolysis , citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
     
     
     
     
    • Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol to produce two molecules of ATP from the metabolism of one glucose molecule.
       
       
       
       
    • The pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle.
       
       
       
       
    • During oxidative phosphorylation, NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the ETC to produce even more ATP.
     
     
     
     
    Review: Cellular Respiration
     
     
     
     
  7. In anaerobic conditions, glycolysis may be followed by fermentation .
     
     
     
     
  8. Other organic molecules such as proteins and fats can also enter cellular respiration via different catabolic pathways.