Hypericum kalmianum

Red Spirea

Viburnum prunifolium.jpg

Viburnum dentatum
  • Acer negundo, Dioecious; Produce sap. B.E. bug feed on female flowers, hibernate in houses & do not eat. Buds *surrounded* by leaf scar, dark, greenish twig whitish bloom, white lenticels. Hairy, blunt buds; seeds feed Evening & Pine Grosbeaks. Warty galls: mites; Round galls: gall gnat.
  • Acer platanoides (dioecious?) Blunt terminal buds, keeled scales (A.saccharum pointed)
  • Acer saccharum: sap (Sycamore,butternut) flow from freeze/thaw; dead wood fiber cells filled with gas (CO2 twice as soluble at 0 than at 20), osmotic pressure from concentrated sugar; sap tastes bitter after budding. Bark feels like talc when fingers rub together.
  • Acer platanoides : buds not pointed like A. saccharum; flattened samaras that diverge at a wide angle stems may contain milky sap, visible at leaf scar when petiole is removed from stem
  • Betula papyrifera: Potawatomi (People of Fire) use birch bark for roof and Cattail mats for sides in winter wigwams. Sap flow from root pressure (also grape), buds break in fluff. B. nigra: resistant to bronze birch borer
  • Carya: Survive glaciation in N.A. due to N-S mountain ranges, extinct in Europe & Asia. Greek: Dionysus fell in love with Carya. .When she died, Dionysus transformed her into a walnut tree. The goddess Artemis carried the news to Carya's father and commanded that a temple be built in her memory. Its columns, sculpted in wood in the form of young women, were called catyatides, or nymphs of the walnut tree-so the tree furnished the image for a famous Greek architectural form. C. ovata nut best, followed by Pecan & Shellbark H (C. laciniosa). Sweet gum (Liquidambar), tuliptree (Liriodendron), hemlock also went extinct in Europe.
  • Celtis occidentalis Ulmaceae: False end bud. Gall psyllid adults look like miniature cicadas. The adult psyllid is present in late summer and early fall and overwinters in crevices of rough bark or houses. Hackberry trees also produce the hackberry lace bug that will sometimes fall off the tree, land on people and produce a painful bite. Hackberry trees are also messy, dropping seeds and twigs readily so folks often have to pick up twigs before they mow their lawn. Their shallow root system results in roots that grow above the soil and a lumpy lawn. Witches broom due to fungus (powdery mildew)/mite Nipple galls underleaf: jumping lice Zwinger: pinhead galls: psilid flies; larvae overwinter in bark Peattie: likes constant H2O from seams in limestone, seak water and sewer pipes. Plotnik: survives drought
  • Cercis canadensis: red flower before leaves. 5-petal flower: banner, wings, keel: Does not fix nitrogen (Peterson, FS)
  • Craetaegus: Leaf blight fungus upperleaf; Cedar-hawthorn rust fungus.
  • Fraxinus americana: peeling old twigs, long petiolules, raised l.scars
  • Ginkgo biloba: no central vein (midrib). Leathery leaf. Leaves drop at same time Extinct from glaciation except in Chinese monateries.
  • Juglans nigra: Roots allelopathic chemical: Juglone toxic to pepper & tomato. Juice used to dye wool. Roman Jove. May have disappeared durinmg glaciation, then reintroduced by invaders & Greco-Roman conquerors. J. nigra grown for wood and veneer: rot and termite resistant. Northern California black walnut J. hindsii is used as a rootstock (resistent to fungus) for English (Persian) walnut (J. Regia) cultivars. Walnut husk fly and walnut husk maggot. When the maggots are fully grown in the fall they leave the husks and enter the soil where they pupate and emerge as flies the following year.
  • Juniperus virginiana: Cedar-Apple Rust galls: form orange-yellow spots on crabapple. Hawthorn spots: Cedar-Hawthorn rust on Craetaegus. Cedar-Quince Rust: smaller galls, spore horns on hawthorn fruit, spherical canker on stems, brown leaves
  • Liriodendron tulipifera: Ice Age extinct in Europe; survived in Florida.
  • Malus spp.: yellow fruit, oval leaf w slight teeth. Inferior ovary. Compound pistils? Favorite food for Canada goose.
  • Morus alba: sometimes dioecious; may change gender! Pollen wind-pollinated. Buds reddish, hug twig. Cylindrical fruit not a berry: each lobe 1 flower: sepals swollen to fold over the seed. M. rubra longer, tastes better. Milky sap in petiole mixed by Bombyx mori saliva for silk. Imported from China 1631. Bombyx disease led Etienne Trouvelot to experiment with Gypsy Moth as a silk moth substitute (also Polyphemus; also Luna, Promethea, Cercropia), escaped 1869.
  • Pinaceae: pine nuts
  • Picea abies: white lines are stomata w/ wax over cuticle
  • Pinus nigra: sapsucker holes, prickle on cone tip, needle does not snap when bent in half. Diplodia tip blight ( OSU UI) needles stunted, pycnidia at base under sheath and on cone scales, spread by rain.
  • Pinus sylvestris: Pine Wilt fatal: nematode/sawyer beetle
  • Pinus strobus: Resin from conifers in oxygen-poor sediment can polymerize to form amber; copal is an intermediate fossil. Earliest inclusions found in Cretaceous period. Soft pine: 1 resin duct in needle, old needles lack sheaths. Resin ducts also in Picea, Pseudotsuga, Larix
  • Platanus occidentalis Sycamore: leaf scar surrounds the bud and the stipule scar surrounds the twig.
  • Populus deltoides (Salicaceae): dioecious. Sticky buds above leaf scar, 3 bundle scars (Populus) Reddish staminate, green-yellow pistillate catkins. Fruit in capsule clusters attached to cottony hairs. Glands at end of flattened petiole. Teepee leaves; Hopis carve roots into kachina dolls
  • Quercus alba: cup fungi on bark. Oak apple gall (?): tannic acid used as ink by medieval monks. Tannic acid binds protein in hides - rot resistent, tanning. Oak barrels, dominant in savannas without shrub understory.
  • Sorbus Americana Moutain Ash
  • Salix spp. (babylonica Weeping): Pliable twigs used for wicker baskets
  • Syringa: paired end buds, Eurasian Lilac
  • Thuja occidentalis: Jacques Cartier 1535 drank leaf & bark tea to cure scurvy (Arborvitae) Shingles, fencing, canoes. Western Red Cedar for paneling
  • Tilia spp: leaves turn yellow, creamy flower clusters. Humming tree, pest-free; Linden tea from blossoms. T. cordata (Littleleaf) flower cluster above leaves, not droop. T. americana Redemond: ornamental variety.
  • Ulmus americana: small buds, leaves turn yellow, notch in samara. 1930 European elm logs with burls infested w/ elm bark beetles. Vase shape: boulevard tree 
    Dandelion Fountain:
  Lilac: Syringa
  Pinus nigra: sapsucker holes
  Pinus sylvestris
  Crataegus: black knot?
  Picea abies
Bridge at Eagle
North side:
  Tilia spp: turn yellow
	T. cordata (Littleleaf)
	T. americana Redemond: ornamental variety
  Euonymus alatus Burning Bush: Asian, winged stem
  Verbesina alternifolia
Wingstem
  Aesculus parviflora Bottlebrush Buckeye
  Salix spp.
  Betula papyrifera?
	B. nigra

South side:

  Populus deltoides

  Hydrangea quercifolia Snow Queen (Oakleaf Hydrangea):
	exfoliated bark, white panicle, leaves turn pink->burgundy
	opposite, 4 parted-flowers, yellow buds
	On north side:
	alternate tree?
	Gymnocladus dioica: thick pods, coffee substitute
	opp. branched shrub w/ blue fruit?
  Rudbeckia laciniata Tall or Green-headed Coneflower, Goldenglow
  Verbena hastata
  Pycnanthemum (Mountain Mint): stalkless toothed leaves, rounded at base
  Pinus strobus: rings around branch base.

  Ulmus ? 
	
  Fraxinus ? x2
	F.americana
	F.pennsylvanica: pubescent twigs, blade green under, not pale

  Rhus glabra (common), typhina (uncommon)
  Ailanthus altissima: Dioecious
  Acer negundo with low branch
  Acer platanoides (dioecious?)
  Alnus glutinosa (rugosa gray smooth bark, horizontal lenticels)? Purplish buds valvate scales
  Malus ? 

Bridge
  Acer negundo
  Cercis canadensis? peapod fruits?

Carillon: dead Pinus strobus
  Ginkgo biloba female

North side
  Celtis occidentalis

  Quercus alba

  Thuja occidentalis
  Juniperus virginiana (Eastern RedCedar?) Scaly leaves

  Morus alba
  Morus rubra: sandpaper leaves, hairy beneath.


Woods:
  Eupatorium rugosum 
  Eupatorium serotinum Late Boneset
  White & Yellow Sweet Clover
  Reed Canary Grass: matted, shallow roots
  Black Raspberry
  Silphium perfoliatum
  Populus alba
  Staphylea trifolia Bladdernut: small tree, opp compound 3-parted balloon capsule contains seeds, central end bud
  Cercis canadensis
  Carya
  Juglans
  Craetaegus

Polygonum cuspidatum (Fleece Flower, Japanese knotweed ) large fan leaves


Nuphar advena: Spatter Dock (Yellow Pond-Lily)